Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和子细胞形成时， 大多数表徵遗传标记会被去除。

Male users may experience sperm cell abnormalities and decreased sperm count.

男性服用者可能会出现子细胞异常并且子数量。

So an egg cell must be fertilized by a sperm cell to form two full sets of chromosomes.

因此，卵细胞必须由子受才能形成两套完整染体。

Occasionally, an accident occurs when the egg or sperm cell is forming, creating an extra chromosome number 21.

有时候，在卵细胞或子形成时会发生意外，产生出一个多余21号染体。

Normally, each egg and sperm cell contains 23 chromosomes, and, when they unite, 23 pairs or 46 in total.

正常情况下，每个卵细胞和子含有23个染体，当它们结合在一起时，总共有23对即46个染体。

Now, if an egg cell combines with any of these sperm cells that have the missing chromosome, then you get Turner syndrome.

现在，如果一个卵细胞与这些缺染体子细胞意一个相结合，就会造成特纳综合征。

And his discoveries of blood cells, sperm cells, parasites and bacteria were altogether extraordinary.

他发现血细胞、子细胞、寄生虫和细菌都是极其非凡。

You got to have So many progressively motile normal sperm cells to get a breeding done.

你需要有足够多活动力逐步增强正常子细胞才能完成配种。

Sperm cells were believed to be inert carriers of DNA, so scientists just...never really looked into it.

子细胞被认为是 DNA 惰性载体， 所以科学家们只是… … 从未真正研究过它。

Babies start to grow in the womb when a sperm cell meets an egg and fertilises it.

当子细胞与卵子相遇并使其受时，婴儿就开始在子宫生长。

Well, why wouldn't the DNA of the sperm cells and the egg

那么，为什么子细胞和卵子 DNA 不可以呢？

Basically, one of its ovaries started producing spermatocytes, the precursors to sperm cells.

基本上，它其一个卵巢开始产生子细胞前体——母细胞。

The pollen grain itself contains only usually about three cells, so the sperm cell and another cell or two.

花粉粒本身通常只包含大约三个细胞，即一个细胞和另外一至两个细胞。

The wind or a pollinator carried pollen from the flower of one of its parents to the other, where a sperm cell fertilized an egg.

风或者传粉昆虫把花粉从亲本植株一棵带到另一棵，在那里子细胞使卵子受。

Among the most important are the sertoli cells inside the tubes, which nourish developing sperm cells, sort of like how female follicle cells help oocytes.

其最重要是管内支持细胞，它滋养发育子细胞，有点像女性卵泡细胞如何帮助卵母细胞。

And what if you replaced that mutated gene before an embryo even developed -- like, in an egg or sperm cell?

如果你甚至在胚胎发育之前就替换了那个突变基因——比如在卵子或子细胞？

When the sperm cell from your father which carries an 'X' or a 'Y' chromosome fuse with the egg from your mother, which carries an 'X' chromosome.

这时，一个来自父亲，携带“X”或“Y”染体子会和来自母亲，携带一个“X”染体卵子结合。

You'll see a lot of defects in the sperm cells if they've gotten too hot, gotten sick, any of that kind of stuff.

如果子细胞过热或生病，你会看到很多缺陷。

In order to package up half the chromosomes into either a sperm cell or an egg cell, you actually start with a single cell that has 46 chromosomes.

为了将一半染体打包装进子或卵细胞，你其实是从一个具有46条染体体细胞开始。

And so what plants do is they take their male sex cells, the sperm cells, and they package them up into a pollen grain.

因此，植物做法是，它们将雄性生殖细胞——子细胞——包裹进花粉粒。